Memory

Memory is any device capable of storing and retrieving digital information. It is a key component of any computer system, along with the central processing unit (CPU) and storage (which also holds digital information). Traditionally, memory holds data needed by the current CPU processes which cannot be stored in the CPU’s cache. Contrast this with storage which is used typically for long­term storage of static data.


There are several important characteristics of memory. Capacity is the number of maximum bits that the memory can store, and is typically measured in gigabytes (GiB). Speed is the maximum number of bits per second that the memory can sustain in read and/or write operations, and is typically measured in gigabits per second. Latency dictates how quickly memory will respond to a read or write request, often on the order of tens of nanoseconds (ns).

The most common memory technology today is dynamic random access memory or DRAM. DRAM is a volatile memory which means the stored information is not retained if power is shut off. There are several sub­categories of DRAM, each having advantages for certain applications. Traditionally double data­rate (DDR) memory is found in personal computers as well as servers. Low­power DDR (LPDDR) is abundant in mobile and embedded applications such as phones, tablets, and netbooks. Graphics DDR (GDDR) is a high­performance memory utilized mainly in graphics workstations or video card

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